all edu.ucar.gdex GRID NetCDF Freely Available Current global multi-source merged precipitation datasets can facilitate better utilization of the complementary nature of gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based precipitation estimates, particularly for capturing precipitation variability. However, merging these datasets at high resolutions of 1-hourly and 0.1 degree on a full global scale remains a substantial challenge for the scientific community due to high spatiotemporal heterogeneities. This study proposed a merging-and-calibration framework to optimally integrate the advantages of gauge-, satellite-, and model-based precipitation estimates, focusing on precipitation occurrences and providing a new fully Global multi-source Merging-and-Calibration Precipitation dataset (GMCP: 1-hourly, 0.1 degree, global, 2000-Present). The main conclusions included: (1) GMCP generally outperformed the input datasets, ERA5-Land, GSMaP-MVK, and IMERG-Late, across various spatiotemporal scales, both in regional statistics and extreme precipitation systems; (2) GMCP significantly outperformed IMERG-Final, calibrated by gauge analysis at the monthly scale, with the improvements in correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), and Heidke skill score (HSS) by approximately 66.67%, 39.25%, and 26.83%, respectively, from 2016 to 2020 over the Continental United States (CONUS); (3) compared to the state-of-the-art multi-source merged product with a daily gauge correction scheme, MSWEP V2 (3-hourly and 0.1 degree), GMCP demonstrated the notable improvements with an approximately 20% enhancement in accurately capturing the precipitation occurrences against approximately 67,000 rain gauges over Mainland China in 2016; (4) in comparison to another well-known multi-source merged quasi-global daily and 0.05 degree precipitation product, CHIPRS integrating the gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based precipitation estimates, GMCP also demonstrated the notable improvements at the daily scale, achieving the increases in CC, RMSE, and HSS by around 57.45%, 38.18%, and 75.76%, respectively, against approximately 67,000 rain gauges over Mainland China in 2016; and (5) this framework was suitable for generating the fully global precipitation datasets at 1-hourly and 0.1 degree scales, significantly mitigating the inherent drawbacks of each input dataset, with GMCP demonstrating the great potential as a valuable resource for worldwide scientific research and societal applications. CN/CAS/TPDC NCAR/GDEX 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:43.061Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:44Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:45.010Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:46.116Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:47.257Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:48.253Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:49.588Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:50.617Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:51.950Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:52.876Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:54.022Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:55:59.209Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:56:13.952Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:56:28.664Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:56:43.933Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:56:58.239Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:57:12.456Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:57:26.420Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:57:41.432Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:57:56.576Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:58:10.776Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:58:23.974Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:58:38.452Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:58:53.706Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:59:09.125Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:59:23.428Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:59:36.969Z 622.1 2026-08-06T07:59:51.274Z 622.1 2026-08-06T08:00:06.104Z 622.1 2026-08-06T08:00:23.397Z 622.1 2026-08-06T08:00:38.436Z