all edu.ucar.gdex GRID NetCDF Freely Available Current global multi-source merged precipitation datasets can facilitate better utilization of the complementary nature of gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based precipitation estimates, particularly for capturing precipitation variability. However, merging these datasets at high resolutions of 1-hourly and 0.1 degree on a full global scale remains a substantial challenge for the scientific community due to high spatiotemporal heterogeneities. This study proposed a merging-and-calibration framework to optimally integrate the advantages of gauge-, satellite-, and model-based precipitation estimates, focusing on precipitation occurrences and providing a new fully Global multi-source Merging-and-Calibration Precipitation dataset (GMCP: 1-hourly, 0.1 degree, global, 2000-Present). The main conclusions included: (1) GMCP generally outperformed the input datasets, ERA5-Land, GSMaP-MVK, and IMERG-Late, across various spatiotemporal scales, both in regional statistics and extreme precipitation systems; (2) GMCP significantly outperformed IMERG-Final, calibrated by gauge analysis at the monthly scale, with the improvements in correlation coefficient (CC), root mean square error (RMSE), and Heidke skill score (HSS) by approximately 66.67%, 39.25%, and 26.83%, respectively, from 2016 to 2020 over the Continental United States (CONUS); (3) compared to the state-of-the-art multi-source merged product with a daily gauge correction scheme, MSWEP V2 (3-hourly and 0.1 degree), GMCP demonstrated the notable improvements with an approximately 20% enhancement in accurately capturing the precipitation occurrences against approximately 67,000 rain gauges over Mainland China in 2016; (4) in comparison to another well-known multi-source merged quasi-global daily and 0.05 degree precipitation product, CHIPRS integrating the gauge-, satellite-, and reanalysis-based precipitation estimates, GMCP also demonstrated the notable improvements at the daily scale, achieving the increases in CC, RMSE, and HSS by around 57.45%, 38.18%, and 75.76%, respectively, against approximately 67,000 rain gauges over Mainland China in 2016; and (5) this framework was suitable for generating the fully global precipitation datasets at 1-hourly and 0.1 degree scales, significantly mitigating the inherent drawbacks of each input dataset, with GMCP demonstrating the great potential as a valuable resource for worldwide scientific research and societal applications. CN/CAS/TPDC NCAR/GDEX 622.1 2026-07-22T10:38:29.059Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:38:43.098Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:38:58.463Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:39:11.721Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:39:16.830Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:39:30.534Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:39:40.633Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:39:54.677Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:40:08.852Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:40:21.935Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:40:33.113Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:40:46.517Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:40:57.315Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:41:10.862Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:41:25.023Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:41:39.089Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:41:51.615Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:42:06.764Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:42:20.364Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:42:34.134Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:42:47.731Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:42:59.970Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:43:13.060Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:43:26.416Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:43:41.320Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:43:55.577Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:44:09.232Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:44:21.783Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:44:34.550Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:44:47.478Z 622.1 2026-07-22T10:45:01.248Z