all edu.ucar.gdex GRID NetCDF Freely Available Here we explore the relative contribution of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to mid-latitude subseasonal predictive skill of upper atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific, using an inherently interpretable neural network applied to pre-industrial control runs of the Community Earth System Model version 2. We find that this interpretable network generally favors the state of ENSO, rather than the MJO, to make correct predictions on a range of subseasonal lead times and predictand averaging windows. Moreover, the predictability of positive circulation anomalies over the North Pacific is comparatively lower than that of their negative counterparts, especially evident when the ENSO state is important. However, when ENSO is in a neutral state, our findings indicate that the MJO provides some predictive information, particularly for positive anomalies. We identify three distinct evolutions of these MJO states, offering fresh insights into opportune forecasting windows for MJO teleconnections. UCAR/NCAR/CGD NCAR/GDEX 40.18 2025-06-24T19:20:36.826Z 16.00 2025-06-24T19:21:16.834Z 40.22 2025-06-24T19:23:01.083Z 88.57 2025-06-24T19:26:47.039Z 5.415 2025-06-24T19:27:01.027Z 5.444 2025-06-24T19:27:14.950Z 5.423 2025-06-24T19:27:29.270Z 381.1 2025-06-24T19:27:30.196Z 381.1 2025-06-24T19:27:31.145Z 716.9 2025-06-24T19:27:31.178Z 7.917 2025-06-24T19:31:52.649Z 3.958 2025-06-24T19:32:01.570Z 48.38 2025-06-24T19:29:30.333Z 48.44 2025-06-24T19:31:31.920Z 171.7 2025-06-24T19:31:32.394Z 11.87 2025-06-24T19:32:28.215Z 72.58 2025-06-24T19:35:18.130Z 85.76 2025-06-24T19:38:52.368Z 37.17 2025-06-24T19:44:14.736Z 85.85 2025-06-24T19:42:32.570Z 48.44 2025-06-24T19:46:31.772Z 60.71 2025-06-24T19:49:26.201Z 60.91 2025-06-24T19:52:27.459Z 60.91 2025-06-24T19:55:28.031Z 12.60 2025-06-24T19:56:02.891Z 12.69 2025-06-24T19:56:37.619Z 12.62 2025-06-24T19:57:12.465Z 37.14 2025-06-24T19:59:05.690Z 84.06 2025-06-24T19:59:06.774Z 37.18 2025-06-24T20:00:49.729Z 72.96 2025-06-24T20:04:11.505Z 7.917 2025-06-24T20:04:32.245Z 3.958 2025-06-24T20:04:43.395Z 4.400 2025-06-24T20:04:56.719Z 4.418 2025-06-24T20:05:08.729Z 4.383 2025-06-24T20:08:45.260Z 61.33 2025-06-24T20:08:01.600Z 11.87 2025-06-24T20:08:32.378Z